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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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HABVEY'S BARS PILLS WITH SARSAPARILLA , For Strengthening the Constitution and Purifying the Blood . FTIHESE PILTjS are obtained solely from Peru-J . vian Bark and Sarsaparilla , 30 prepared as to contain in a highly concentrated state all the medicinal properties of each of these valuable medicines , ly ajudicious combination of which , so greatly are their restorative virtues increased , that in every instance where either of the above medicines are re-¦ goired , these Pills are decidedly preferable to any -otter preparation .
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GOOD NE ^ S TOR THE MILIJON . tl Opiferper orbem dicor . " PALELY , the greatest of moral philosopher ? , truly enumerates children as among the principal sources of human happiness . —At no period is human life so precarious as in the early stages of infancy ; : $ or it is a fact no less lamentable than true , that a - flie least one half the children "born in Gxeat Britain ; perish in a state of infancy . Of these , some die for Trant of medicine , but by far the-greater portion irom the abuse of if Pernicioas srupefactives , Trhose basi ^ is laudanum or other opiates , ' are constantly administered to tender infants , especially among the poorer classes . These dangerous compounds allay pain for a time by stupefying the senses , Irat ultimately leave the agonised little sufferer in a "worse state than before . The ignorant and deluded ,
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C . S . CHEDDON'S FAMED HERBAL TONIC PILLS , "POB , the cure of Scrofula , Scurvy , Scorbutic _ D Affections , Eruptions and Pimples on the face , or any part of tie body , swellings or ulcerations in the neck , sore breasts , and all disorders attended with painful swellings , or with morbid and irritating eruptions of the skin , open wounds and sores , as well as the most inveterate forms of Gout and Rheumatism , contraction of the limbs , enlargement of the 'oints , lameness arising from any cause , enlargement of any of the glands , morbid secretions , general debility , nervous affections , lumbago , indigestion , loss of appetite , or where the consitution has been injured by disease , mercury , or injudicious treatment . ¦¦ --. '
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—„ ^ m A CERTAIN DISEASE CURED WITHIN ONE WEEK AT BRADFORD AXD LEEDS . ^ aMMMMjMMpMMMjaBMHBgBHt ^^ jB ^^ L BEGS to announce , that in order to ascommodate h || ^ T fllV . y MYg $ 2 ri ^ $ w ^^^^ Nm tnose Patients who have visited him from Bradford , M ^ J tnk A j [ I H k 5 l | K ? r *| L ^ J I ? ^ Bl ano" the neighbourhood , he has been induced to attend ^^ MBgP WjW Bil ^ j yP ' ^ pgdjggQ S ffi ^ fcM that place , and may be consulted every Thursday , at ^^^^^ E ^ l B i * Tm 3 "ff # Tvl ^ MH No . 2 , Dead Lane , next to the Junction Inn , from S ^^^^^^^^^^^ L ^^^^^^ S ^ MS ^ s fSn ^^ By Ten o ' Clock . in the Morning to Five in the Evening ; " ^ B ^^^^^ BJ ^^^^ BBMMMM MMa ^^^ and during the other days of the vreek , as usual , at Ins own noose So . 60 , Bottom of Templar's Street , Leeds . He continues , with unabated assiduity to eradicate every species of infection . In recent cases , a perfect care is completed within a week , or no charge jna&e for medicines after the expiration of that period ~ , and in those of the utmost inveteracy , where other practitioners have failed , a proper perseverance in his plan of treatment insures to the patient a safe "Well grounded , and lasting xe-estabLshment . ' He hopes that the successful , easy , and expeditious mode 'he has adopted , of eradicating every Symptom of a Certain Disease , -without any material alteration in diet , or hindrance of business aad yet preserving the constitution in full * vigour and free from injury , will establish his claims for ' support . As this Disease is one-which is . likery to be contracted whenever exposure takes place , it is not like nany other visitors , once in life , "but on the contrary , one infection may scarcely have been removed when another may unfortunately be imbibed , therefore the Practitioner requires real judgment in order to treat each particular Case in such a manner as not merely to remove the present attack , but to preserve the constitution unimpaired , in _ ease of a repetition at no distant period . The man of experience can avail himself of the greatest improvements in modera practice , by being able to distinguish between discharges of a specific _ and of a simple or mild mature , which can only be made b y one in daily practice after due , consideration of all circumstances . In the same manner at birth , " appearances often take jlace in children , which call fora proper knowledge and acquaintance with the disease , in order to discriminate their real nature , and which may be the means of sowing domestic discord , unless managed ly the Surgeon with propriety and skill . Patients labouring under this Disease , cannot be too cautious mto whose hand they commit themselves . The propriety of this remark is abundantly manifested ty the same party frequently passing the ordeal of several Practitioners , before he is fortunate enough to obtain a perfect eure . The following are some of the many symptoms that distinguish this Disease : —a general debility , eruptions on the head , face , and body ; ulcerated sore throats , scrofula « relhngs m the neck , nodes on the shin bones , cancers , fistula , pains in the head and limbs , which are Irequently mistaken for rheumatism , &c . &c . Patients in the country , by stating their case 3 and enclosing a remittance , may have proper remedies i sent to the amount , with directions so simple and plain , that parties of either sex may cure themselves < tnthont even the knowledge of a bedfellow . * _ j ^ = > For i ke greater eo irrenieirce of iiis Patients , Dr . Yv jtKiNSON will attend every Thursday from Ten in the Morning to Five in the' Evening , at No . 2 , Dead Lane , next to the Junction Inn ' ' Beadj obd . J i - | ^ __^ i
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Inconsequence s / numerous applications continually received from Bradford and the Nei ghbourhood , ] one of the Proprietors of Dr . Menry ' s French Meroine PilU , will attend every Wednesda y and Thursday , at No . 4 , George Street , facing Eatl Brook Chapel , Bradford . A TREATISE IS JUST PUBLISHED ON THE VENEREAL & SYPHILITIC DISEASES , AlfD GIVEN WITH EACH BOX OF DE . HENRY'S FRENCH MEROINE PILLS CONTAINING plain and practical directions for the effectual cure of all degrees of the above com V plaints—with observations on seminal weakness arising from early abuses , and the deplorable conse fences resulting from the Hse of mercury , the whole intended for the instruction of general readers so that all persons can obtam ^^ nmedaatei cure with secrecy and s afety . Prepare d and sold b y the ' sole Proprietor , at No . 16 , PAKKfeQUARE , Leeds , where they may be consulted as usual . In Boxes 2 s . 9 d . and 4 s . 6 d . each . With each Box is given directions how to take these Pills , observations on points "beneficial to the patient , being hints worth knowing by those who are , or have been , sufferers from this dreadful and devastating malady . That cruel disease which has destroyed so many thousands is now unhappily so well known that a recital of its effects is quite unnecessary , its malignant influence extending by inheritance from familr to femily , and when the great Doctor Henry became professor to the University , he conferred an invaluable ]* Qefi . t upon mankind by the discovery of his grand panacea for the cure of this deplorable complaint . Xhe-certaiity with which the Pills are continually administered can be attested by many thousands who are ammaU y cured "by them . "What mediciaecan be more appropriate than that which has given such general satisfaction ? The French Pills root out every particle of the insidious poison , purifvine in their ' ? 7 ° ^ " ffhole n 1 ^ of fluids . They not only remove the disease but they renovate by their action the different funedons of the body—expelling the grosser humour , and in a manner so imperceptible as to convince the most sceptical of their astonishing and unequalled powers . They neither contain mercury aor any other mineral , andmay be taken without the slightest suspicion of discovery ; they require no restraint of diet , loss of time , or hindrance ofbusiness , but effect a complete cure without the least exposure to thepatient . At anyperbd when the slightest suspicion may exist it will be well to have recourse to ¦ & * French Pills ; for when taken "before the disease has made its appearance they act as a certain preventi-re removing the complaint e 5 ectna % ana secretly . The deplorable state in which many pereonB have been ¦ wh en visitmg the Doctor ( from the use of mercury ) Tender 8 ft imperatively necessary to caution the public against that dangerous mineral whe& injudiciously administered : ¦ The Doctor , after an extensive practice of Thirty Tears , las rendered his counsel an object of fiie utmost consequence to all who are labo uring under hereditary or deep seated maladies ; to those troubled ¦ mtii seminal weakness , his advice will be invaluable ; hundreds have owned his skill in these complaints To the youth of both sexes , whether lured from health by the promptings of passion , or the delusio ns of inexperience , his advice is superior ; in his practice he unites a mild gentleness of treatment , and possessing « o thorough a knowledge of his art , the most deplorable cases afford no resistance to llis skill . Bis exten-Styei practice has rendered him the ^ dfiposit&ry of many distressing secrets which are kept with unblemished Juth and honour ; to persons so afflicted , it s highly necessary to observe that an early application is of the greatest importance , and that with such a practitioner any hesitation in disclosing their disorder , must * SS ^ J ? , a delicacy u destructive as it is false and unnecessary . To the neglect of such attention , are attributable many of those hapless instances , which , while they excite the commiseration of the beholder , should also impress him with the fear of self-reproach . To all such , then , we address ourselves , offering ^ e—energy- ^ nnseular strength—felicity ; nor ought our advances to appear questionable , sanctioned as fitty are by the multiplied proofe of thirty years * successful experience . Letters ( post paid ) inclosine a renittanct , answered by the return of post , and Medicines punctually transmitted to any address either rjv initials , or name . Back entrance , West-Street , One Door from St . Paul ' s Church . "With each Bex will be given practical observations , gratuitously , on the above disease . The Doctor will attend daily at his principal residence , No . . 16 , Park Square from Eight in the morning till Ten at night , and on Sunday from Nine till Two , where he will administer advice to any one foYing these Pills , or any other of his Preparations , without a fee .
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EASY EMPLOYMENT . T ) EB . SONS having a little time to spare , are JL apprized that Agents continue to be appointed in London , and Country Towns , by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY , for the sale of their celebrated Teas , ( Offices , 9 , Great St . Helen ' s , Bishopsgate-street . ) They are packed in Leaden Canisters from an Ounce to a Pound ( a plan found exceedingly convenient ) , and neither Shop nor Fiy tures are required ; the License is only 11 s . per annum , Excise permits are abolished ; and many , during the last thirteen years have realised considerable incomes by the Agency , without Is . let or loss . Application to be made free to Chajiles Hancock , Secretary .
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WORKS PUBLISHED byJOHNLJMBIBD , 143 , STRAND . Every Saturday , with Engravings , at 2 d ., or in Monthly Parts , 8 d ., and ready for delivery with ' the Magazines ,
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UNITED STATES OP AMERICA . tW * T ° ! v > A ? gn 5 } ' 1838 ^ -Of general news wfth ™ fr ^ r ^ ^ ««»* im portance . With regard to theUanadas , there is no doubt but Re course pursued by Lord Durham up to tbi ^ date ?~ w ? H ? ? ^ ff ^ 8 Dre t 0 those countries tranquillity , and eventually that prosperity which their mtuation and natural advantages almost command . ' ? £ % fi . ^ - ' ? enof tQe Erisoners engaged in the Short Hills affair ( four of whom were Ame * ncans , and the rest subjects of tb , e Queen ) were connoted , and sentenced to suffer death on the 25 th inst .. After sentence had been passed , the Judge h ^ ttc } Z ^ \ 0 { to ¦ ¦ " ** » reprieve ^ but he could not say how many , or whom . , &r John Colbome has been making a tow of exammatxon ^ along the Upper CanadVfxWier . with *
H ^ S aKna& ^ Sffi ^^^ Ha ^ oSefe ^ S ^^ ^^ Friday the 9 th ; SiffitiS&SSknown * — ° « 3 sK ^^ % a ^ -5 ffS ^ ^^ ^^ & ^^ Corners , New York , m an action for ^ S ?« rU ^ ment ^ at the suit of Mr . PaddoS ^ hoSSd about . six months . since , and imprisoned ^ the Captain , on suspicion of aiding -&d abetting the rebels then m arms along the frontier . Mr , Paddock is or was the Deputy Collector of the ^ Customfat Chateaugay , and his duties required his almost constant attendance near and upon the frontier lines .
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The Montreal Herald ! says that Mr . Paidock Was arrested on suspicion of having crossed the line to spV out the most favourable spot for an attack ( upon what does not appear ) , andthat he had confessed as much ; and also that he , was liberated off taking an path that he would give information to the Canadian authorities should any attack be contemplated . . Captain Davidson was conveyed to the gaol at Malpne , having refused to give baiL His brother , under the advice of Mr . Ellice , immediately set off for Quebec , to lay the matter before Lord Durham i ^ e ^ m f P P » the Montreal Herald , says , that the Highland settlers in and about Huntingdon were with difficulty restrained from proceeding to Malone and liberating their Captain by force . ' The Highlanders are among the most loyal of the inhabitants of the Canadas . 1
Mackenzie is still in t . hi ' 8 city , and it is said is highly successful in the publication of his blackguard and violent paper , called Mackenzie ' s Gazette . I am told , from good authority , that this paper has a large circulation on the frontiers of the Canadas and America . The man and his paper are both held by tue respectable portion of the people of this city at their proper value . I need not tell you whatthat is . One of the papers here , the Journal of Commerce speakingofthesehtencts of death pronounced against the sixteen men and boys of whom mention has already been made in thisletter , savH : — " Should the Canadian Government carry into effect thatsentence , it will deserve to be set down on the next page in
history after that which shall record the massacre of Colonel Tanning ' s men by the cowardly Mexicans , five days after their surrender . " There is some degree of anxiety here to know how Lord Durham will act in this matter . So far Lord Durham ' s conduct has been distinguished for its clemency and justice . Fifteen State prisoners escaped on the night of the 29 th of July , from Fort Henry , Kin ^ stqnj Upper Canada . They had been furnished with a plan of the fort , which , no doubt , had been drawn up by some one who had access to the plans in the engineer department . They were traced for several miles , and a party of the Frenbenac Light Dragoons
were sent off in pursuit . Ah American , John Parker , one of the prisoners , was retaken by a corporal of the 71 st . The corporal was offered 900 dollars by Parker to let him go , but he nobly refused the bribe . A subscription was instantly set ori foot to reward him for his integrity . Three other prisoners were retaken . There was great confusion and excitement in the town of Kingston when it was known that the prisoners had escaped . Several persons were arrested on suspicion of having aided them in their escape , among whom was the editor of the Kingston Herald ,
Niagara Falls , July 31 . —Yesterday , Morreau was executed at Niagara , for being concerned in the Short Hills : affair—attacking and capturing by night a party ot lancers . The execution took place from the drop in front of the jail . A large concourse were present , but the most perfect order prevailed . Morreau i-j said to be a native of Pennsylvania—a Roman Catholic . I cannot learn that he said much in the very short period between his trial and execution . A few hours before he was executed , a person named Beamer was carried into the prisoii , and bn his uassing the cell of Morreau , the latter remarked of Beamer , " that is the man who brought me to this situation . " Beamer , it appears , was the leader
of the gang , and enticed Morreau into the snare ; . The prisoner had beer ; attended since his .-eiitence by two clergymen of his order , but what effect those visits had i am unable to say . About two o ' clock the window was raised , and Morreau and Mr . Sheriff Hamilton appeared on the drop . Mr . H amilton adjusted the fatal cord , and immediately retired , and before the cap was drawn over the face , the drop fell , ' and only a slight motion of the hands was discovered . It appeared to be the prisoner ' s determination not to look upon the multitude
assembled , for in coming out of the prison he raised his eyes upward , and kept them in that position until he was dead . You can hardly take a step without seeing some portion of the military—either the infantry , the lailcer , the dragoon , or the hussar ; they make ah imposing appearance . it is expected that a large military force will be kept on this frontier the coming winter . Every house at the Falls and its vicinity has been taken lor military purposes , and three months' notice is to be given before they can be given up .
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^ SWITZERLAND , . We have received the following letter from our correspondent at Lucerne , with details of the proceedings of the Federal Diet , relative to-the affairs oi Louiw Rouaparie ;— - ' " Lucerne , Aug . 28 . "At yesterday ' s sitting of the Helvetic Diet , M . Kern , Chief Deputy lor the Canton of Thurgovia , communicated to the Assembly the instructions received from the Grand Council of his State , and expressed himself in the following words : —
" ' The Grand Council of the Canton of Thurgovia having examined the report of the Committee appointed to attend at the deliberation of the Diet at its sitting of the 6 th instant , relative to the demand of the French Government for the expulsion of Prince Louis Bonaparte , and having taken into consideration the decision of the High Diet , dated the tith of August , have decreed that"' The vote given by the deputation of Thurgovia at the sitting . of the above date , is approved of to the full extent . '" On this account , and considering the explanations demanded from the Diet by the State of Thurgovia , the deputation is instructed to grve the desired explanations , and to the following effect : —
" ' The State of Thurgovia thought it its duty to reject , in the most formal manner the demand of the French Government for the expulsion of Louis Bonaparte from the Helvetic territory . " ' In consideration of the fact that Louis Bonaparte has obtained the right of citizenship in the canton of ThurgoTia . " ' That in consequence of letters of naturalisation accepted by Louis Bonaparte , he is not , nor can be considered in any other quality ( either according to the Constitution of Thurgovia or the French laws ) than that of a citizen of the canton of Thurgovia . ?
" And , bearing in mind the letter dated Arenenberg , August 20 , and addressed' by the said Louis Bonaparte to the Grand Council of Thurgovia , the deputation has further to declare that the authorities of the canton of Thurgovia will take upon themselves to prevent the commission of any act upon their territory which might be contrary to the rights of nations or compromiselthe tranquillity of other States . At all events , and in case any such acts should take place , the canton of Thurgovia , by virtue of the exclusive rights of cantonal authority , will reserve , to herself the power of proceeding against the guilty parties , and of carrying into effect the laws of the Constitution and of the country , . . ¦ " ¦ ' ¦ Finally , the deputation will maintain the right of objecting against any decision which may infringe upon the sqvereignity of its State . '
? ' M . Kern , in the next place , entered into details relative to the instructions he had received , and according to which he was specially bound to declare that the vote given by him at the sitting of the 6 th August , was entirely approved of by the Grand Council of his State , and that he had moreover to lay before the Diet the explanations previously demanded , and which were drawn up in the following terms . i ? ' In the event of Prince Louis Bonaparte's quality as citizen of the Canton of Thurgovia becoming matter of doubt , the State of Thurgovia declares itself solely competent to give an answer upon this point , and principally upon the question proposed by the high State of N eufchatel ,
consequently the other States will be bound to receive this answer as the only official one . The authority of the Diet in its relations with the Cantons , does not give it the power of deciding with regard to civic rights . It is , therefore , merely through TeRpect for its sister Cantons , that the State of Thurgovia consents to give the following explaiiations : — ' ^' In 1832 , Louis Bonaparte , having been placed in an extrabrdinary position , was deprived of his rights . as a French citizen . This was at the same time the result of the law of banishmerit decreed against all members of the N apoleon family , and of the recent conduct adopted by France with respect to Louis Bonaparte—conduct which fully proves that the Prince was no longer considered as a French
citizen . " ' This state of exception , in wWch other Frenchmen could not be placed , belonged exclusively to ; the famil y of Bonaparte . A member of that family could not , therefore be called on to renounce a right which he did not possess , and which he must have lost upon accepting the quality of citizen of the Canton of Thurgovia , even were he at the time in the enjoyment of the rights of a Frenchman . Thus , in a double point of view , the presenting of an act of special renunciation was unnecessary , and
consequently the only condition required by article 25 of our Constitution in such a case wasifuUj- complied withi The proof of the renunciation of a civic right previously held ws 8 only required from a person requesting to be admitted aa a citizen of the canton ef Thurgovia and in a case in which it is supposed that the petiiioHer is in the enjoyment of his ancient rights . But when the fact of his having been deprived of them is notorious all special renunciation becomes useless . Such is the law of Thurgovia , and such jts interpretation , as will be proved by the following example —In 1836 the commune of Salenstein
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Had offered ' the right of citizen AL Rousseau , steward to the Du . cbess of St . Leu . It \ wasnecegsary for the confirmation of this gift to exhibit letters of naturalisation in the canton j but upon AL Rousseau declaring that he wished to retain the quality of French citizen , the Grand Ccuncil would not listen to this reservation , and refused the letter of naturalisation . " ' It is sought to ascertain whether Louis Bonaparte considers himself a * a citizen of Thurgovia . But the . I ^ ' ^^ rTr ^ Ud already fully exp lained that , in tri ; ' 7 $ S , " XmatteTed little in what quality the >\ , « »' " ¦ < * v ^ View iumstl f , the " only queHtion bri'i " , ^; v " ' $ , } he held in the eye of tne law . B * - "It must entirely vanish
^ c upon the pi <> rr - / v fBonaparte ' s , letter , addressed to \ V ; 5 . ; 7 ^ " Ion , and dated Arenenberg , AuguiL : ^ ' - > ; ne declares that he is , andwishe * ^ , & •> ' w , '" | tizen of tbecanton . ' "Having-, * < £ _ * - ^| ab ove details , the Honourable B : | ^ . * -f ^| that the ChapceUor be directed te V ff-j ^ l % ^ letter in the Prince ' s hand-writingf - . x ' * - ¦¦ " After th « * sfa letter M . Kern added the following \ , , , \ x' / ipn 8 : — ' It has been said that the right ck ^ jj Louis Bon aparte did not constitute a rig Bj , \ * .. Citizenship , strictly speaking , and was a meT ^ ionorary title . This assertion could not for a moment stand the test of inquiry for it appeared that ' in Thurgovia the right bi citizenship ( according ' . o the constitution , ) was one and undivided ; the law , being the same for all , admitted of no distinction . ..
'" In reply to the second question , proposed by Neiifchatel te the grand council of Thurgovia , it was only necessary to observe that , the right of citizenship once obtained in thV state of Thurgovia , mere _ words , or written documents , would not be sufficient to deprive an individual of such privilege without previous investigation , and a formal trial and judgment in accordance with the laws . "' However , in rejecting the demand of the French Government , the grand council of Thurgovia promises , at the same time , that it ' will not
permit its territory to become the scene of any acts contrary to the right of nations , or likely to compromise the security of other States . It was with feelings of satisfaction that the grand council heard the declaration contained in the Prince ' s letter , and expressive of his firm wish to live tranquilly in the canton , and carefully avoid any thing tending to create difficulties between the French and Swiss Governments . "
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The Opulent County of Dorset has hitherto been without any public Infirmary ; a preliminary meeting was last week held in the Grand Jury Chamber at Dorchester , for the purpose of instituting one . A _ Few Days ago , as some workmen were digging holes for posts , on the estate belonging to Henry Short , Esq ., of Whatley , near Froroe , they discovered , about two feet under the surface , a Romaa tesselated pavement , together with- other remains , some of which are in good preservation .
Intellectual Horse . — Major Pytches , of Melton , kindly invited nearl y 100 of the nei ghbouring gentry and others , on Tuesday , to witness the wonderful exploits of a horse gifted , the owner states , with intellectual knowled ge The exhibition tqok place in the Major ' s coach-house ; in another outbuilding a bountiful supply of excellent wine , ale , and cake , was provided ; and in the evening . a select party partook of a sumptuous dinner . The first feat of the animal was , b y word of command , to stand upon two casks , resting his fore-legs upon a large one and one hind upon a smaller . But here comes the test of his intellectual powers : he is desired to pick up handkerchiefs , sticks , a whi p , and to ring a
bell hxed to the wall . Afterwards a pack of playing cards is introduced , with which he seems wall versed , particularly in tiae game of cribbage ; these are placed upon a board on the floor—on receiving orders he takes up the card desired , and delivers it to his master between his lips . Many answers toquestions were requested by the company , such as the cards required to make 15 , and other numbers , also the card containing ' the score of each number ^—all of which he correctl y delivered to his master . Th alphabet , on card * , was then introduced : these were indiscriminatel y placed upon a board—the Christian and surname of any person present is then given him , when , at a glance of the l . ottc-ro , ue picks them d
up angives iimn to nis master—all done without trick or deception . This learned horse is gaid to be capable of being taught more than any other dumb animal hitherto exhibited . He is an * entire horse , colour black , three years old , about fifteen hands hiah ; was purchased of a butcher at 'Woo abfidge now the property of Mr . C . King , of the White Elm Inn , in this town . Amongst the company present were Lord and Lady Rendlesham , Major-Moor Captain and Mrs . Shuldham , R . N ., Dr . Lynn , Mr ! C . Moor , Mr . Carthew , Mr . John Alexander , Mr ! Head , &c . &c—all of whom expressed themselves highly gratified at witnessing the above extraordm ^ ry innate powers of this noble animal . —Ipswich Journal . ¦
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MINUTES OF EVIDENCE BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON COMBINATIONS OF WORKMEN . ( Continued from our last . ) 1822 . —Mr . tFakley . —Bxxt no statement of the lacks which the witnesses will attempt to prove 7—No . 1823 . —So that the prisoner is in utter ignorance of the nature of the testimony to be given againsthim ? —No , because the agent of the prisoner ha ;? the means of going to the witnesses , and the witnesses invariably , in all common cases , give him the same account which thev have given to the agent fejNhe prosecution . But in this particular case , in . consequence of the terror of the witnesses thewould
, y not tell Mr . Gemmi . ll , and he came to me to complain , and then I wrote ' . he recommendation I have mentioned , in consequence of which he got a precognition ; and I believe that Mr . Gemjnill will state , that the information he got from the witnesses amounted to a large quarto volume , which was printed , and was much more ample than what was obtained on the part of the crown . 1824 . —But the witness is not compelled to answer the questions put to him b y the agent of the prisoner ?—He is not compelled , and it is upon that account that I wrote a recommendation v to them to do so ; if , however , he does not answer it , it is a circumstance that will make against him at the trial , and in ordinary cases they seldom refuse it .
1825 . —1 he Lord Adiipcate . — -Does not the indict ment containl a statement of all the facts to be proved?—The indictment contains a statement of all the facts to be proved against the prisoners , fully and minutel y detailed , with a degree of care and accuracy which I can say , from my own experieiice , having drawn several thousand indictments , is extremely difficult to accomplish . 1826 . —Mr . O'Connell . —Are you tied up to particular dates ?—We are tied up to the most particular dates , and hours , and minutes , if the case is a case of alibi ; but there is a latitude of three months
allowed in an ordinary case , the indictment requires them to be most specific as to the place , and as to the mode of perpetrating the crime ; but as to the time , the latitude of three months is allowed in an ordinary case , but if a prisoner set up a defence of alibi , the prosecutor must specify early in the trial , the day and hour , and even the minute . 1827 . —Then an alibi is p lead able ?—An a / j'S / is pleaded in the outset of the trial , and then the prosecutor is under the necessity of fixing his hour and minute by the first material witnesses to the fact . ¦ i .
1828 . —Is there any other particular which-you wish to add ?—There is no other particular connected with my own conduct . 1829 . —Has your conduct been approved or censured publicly , by the judicial authorities?—It was commended both by the Lord Justice Clerk in the Justiciary Court at Edinburgh , and in terms of what I conceive top flattering commendation , by the two judges who came to Glasgow in the winter circuit , Lord Cockburn and Lord Medwyn . 1830 . —What was Lord Medwyn ' s namerV-John Forbes ; Lord Cockburn was Mr . Solicitor Cockbum . ¦
^ 1831 . ^—Have you anjr reason to know what opinion the respectable inhabitants of Glasgow , not connected with the cotton trade , entertain of yeur conduct upon the occasion ?—I should say , certainly as far as I know , that it has met with the unanimous approbation of all men of any description , unconnected , either of intelligence , property , / or education , of all shades of parties , from the extreme 1 ones to the extreme Radicals . ' ' . ' 1832 , —Chairman .-r— You are acquainted with th ^ combination which has existed of the operative cotton spinners ?—I am . 1833 . —Howlong has that existed ?—I have been acquainted with the Cotton Sbinners' Association ;
officially ,: since 1823 , and in particular since : 1826 , the period to which tiie committee's investigation is confined j I was counsel ina very ^ important trial , that of Kean , in April , 1825 , which took p lace nine months after the repeal of the Combination Laws , but prior to the present act . ' 1834 . —Was this Association in existence before the repeal of the ^^ Cpmbihation Laws ?•—The Association had been in existence ^ I think , for upwards of ten Years before the repeal . 1835 . —Is it the same Association now as formerly ? —The same Association goes on ; it is rendered more immediately active at particular times , when there is either a pressure or a general strike oil the part of the operatives .
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t 1836 . —Dp you know the ^ rules upon wh ch it hi , been formed , and is conducted?—My knowleaffe > J the wiles on which this particular Association ?! formed , is founded , upon the infonnalion I got wW the papers of the combination were seized . The . are to be found in the printed trials * Ut -J 4837 . —Have they , any printed rules ?—I am aware whether they have any printed rulea . 1 know they have certain rules , which were fonJ among the papers , and ; which are printed in ft * trial , of which I can furnish the cbinmittee witJv * copy . ; : ;;¦>¦ " «
1838 .-rOn what conditions ; is a . person elected a member of the Association ?^ -The conditions varr as far as I recollect , speaking from memory of th » articles ; bnt I will famish the committee with * copy of them . 8 1839 . —Mr . O'Connell . ' —Have you a copy of ffi » rules ?—I have not a copy of the rules . As far as ] recollect , the principal condition upon which tfce £ are admitted is , that if a person has been an apprentice he is admitted on easier terms tharTi stranger . An apprentice i « admitted after a certain number of years' service , as in other trades , upon payment of a certain sum , which varies , amounting generall y to some guineas . A gtranger ^ that is I cotton spiimer not belonging to the associated trad ^ is admitted only upon paying a mucb higher sum amounting , I think , to £ 5 . ^ 2 Tho e tbe term 80 / admission far
_ ^ . T , ^ , . , as a , you know ? -l think so ; but I speak from recoiled tion m reference to them . . , wuec 1841 . —What do you conceive to be the obiects and what is the mode of operation , of the Cottoa bpmners Assodation ?—I conceive the Cotton Spinners Association to be founded upon the sam * principles , and directed to the same objects , with sB the other combined trades in Glasgow , and J presume in the empire ; which are , to keep up wac « as much as they can , to exclude other competitor ?! , much as they can , and to secure , asmuch as ( possibk an equality of employment to all persons in tS trade , whether skilled or unskilled ; and if those objects cannot be obtained by bthbr means , tj employ intimidation and violence without any ¦ ¦
raeaTva " ' . ' .. ( reserve . ' c i § 42 . —Is that opinion of yours Formed upon the facts which have come before you as a criminal lawyer and as a judge ?—It is formed upon the facti which have come before me judiciall y in , I sh < mH say , 100 cases , and upon constant information whicli I receive almost every day of my life from the operatives of the different trades of Glasgow . I mat add , that the information which I am to give to thj
committee is entirely derived from the workmea and from my own observation . I have never had , directly or indirectly , the smallest communication with the masters . I got no information trom then of any kind or description whatever , which ^ I thinL the committee may easily credit , considering tils evidence they have given before them . All ths information I have received of every sort has bea obtained either from judicial observation or from communication with the operatives .
1843 . T—Then , from that observation ^ you han arrived at the conclusion that intimidation and violence are means belonging to the Assbciati » n ? - I have arrived at the conclusion that that is the caa with this as well as with every other Association ; for I should add , that I find it difficult to lay before the committee a picture of tte state of Glasgor , and the manufacturing districts of Scotland , if 1 detail merely the state of one particular trade , because I am in the habit of receiving information and the operatives in every trade are in the habit of getting information , with regard to the simultaneonj operations of all other trades ; arid my opinionb formed from information derived simultanebusi y from a great many of the tradesj but more especially tie cotton trade . : y
1844 . —And that leaves no doubt upon your mind that means of violence and ihtirnidation are their resource for carrying their purposes into effect ? - The last resource . I think that the principle of all combinations is this ; in the first instance to establish an organizationby which they shall all act simultaneously , and by which a ruling committee , elected in the first instance by a majority of votes , either by single or double mode of election , shall possess the power of government over the whole ; that the objects of air the Trades' Unions are toestablish , in the first instance , a , n effectual cobtrol over the masters in regard to minor particulars . Bj " minor particulars" I mean competing the master
to dismiss an obnoxious manager , to diminish , the numbeT of uonrs of employment , to restriit himself with reference to the number of apprenti < v > s whom he employs compared with entered workmen , to prevent him from employing unentered workmen at all , and , in short , to exercise a certain , effectual cuiujol ever all the proceedings of the master . ; 1845 . —How do you conceive they can effectuate these purposes as between them and . their masters ? —The mode in which they carry it into effect is tiiis ; they lay down certain regulations , which are binding upon the trade , upon their ' own members ; as for example , that no master shall employ more than one apprentice for every three entered workmen ;
that is a very commpn regulation , 1846 . —Mr . fVakley : —ls that the rule of the cotton spinners ?—I do not know that it is the rule of the cotton spinners ; I am aware that the informution I have to give is of very great importarice , both to th » interests of the trade geherallv , and more ^ especially the interests of the poorer classes of labour , whoa interests are at stake in the most vital manner , in what I have to say ; but I despair of giving a picture to it , unless I discharge my mind of what I know o all the combinations . 1847 . —Who appointed you the protector of the interests of the poorer classes of labour ? I aa charged with the administration of justice in the county of Lanark ^ and conceive myself called "upon
in an especial manner to give information of whs has come to my knbwledge ^ udicially , and to recommend measures to the Legislature which may hate a tendency to restore that freedom to the inferior branches of employment , which 1 know , by exper ience , has been totally subverted within the last lei years . I speak , perhaps , under sorne personal danger , but under the strongest possible sense 4 official duty . . ¦ .-. '' ; 1848 . —Mr : O'Connell . —What danger canjou apprehend from stating the facts which have come » you knowledge before this committee ? Perhap ! . after hearing the detail I shall be able to givef tin committee will be better able to judge of that lbs I shall add in the meantime , with relation to the subject of the former question , that the object o ! the association is to establish a control over the
masters in those minor particulars , and that on particular occasions , when it is deemed that wags are too low , or when it is thought just that « agtf should rise , a strike takes place simultaneonsl ^ « all the workmen ; and at the same time the object of the association is to prevent . all skilled person of the same trade , who ate not niembei 3 of ti < union , from working in the manufactories whert they are employed , and by all possible mean * prevent the possibility of their body being overstocked , or being unduly charged , as they conce * with persona entering . 1849 . —Lord Ashley . —Do you include thecottoa business in your remarks?—I include -the coHjs
business in iny remarks ; I think that the pripcip they act upon are mainly the same , but in ° ® respect I ao not think they are able to . canyt * general principles of combination entirely into effe ^ because the peculiar nature of the cotton trade & quires that there should be a very great numher « apprentices and young men brought up to ^ greater than what the trade will take in ; in ?* sequence of that , they cannot make therestncW which other trades can do , arid which is £ elW 1 ^ the case , that no master shall admit more than « w apprentice to three or four unioniste . They canfl " do that because each unionist , perhaps , m J ^ thrfifl annrfintices . and th « reanlt of that is < tnatp ;
are overburdened , as they conceive , with aPPre - \ S persons bred up to the trade j who , after they «™ ° to a certain age , cannot obtain a sufficient qnaiM of employment , and the great object with them v ^ get quit of the apprentices , for which purpose v * i have adopted a variety of devices . v-, v ,. 1850 . —Mr . O'ConneU . —The inefficiency ol ^ operations of the cotton-spinners' union ^ P ^ . that portion of their object , that refers to dunw ^ ing the number , of apprentices ?—Yes , tnat is . great diffisulty they encounter ; the trade requir ^ greater number of men to be employed as appreu ^ , than can possibly obtain employment as opera " as full grbwii men . " , ; , t -wm \ 1851 . —The class called piecers ? -Yes ; but w » j tnat violence \
say tney employ wiiugun ^^ . 'zjm mean is this ; that in the first instance their pru ^ is to obtain their objects by a strike , either fW ^ against a single master br directed afa r ; jed masters in general , accprdiag as the strike is iowj ^ upon a quarrel with an individual masteror op ^ j quarrel with the masters in general ; the ^ g-j . that strike takes place thejrbegin to use . inn ^ dation to the new hands . I dp not think the » ^ been a single instance of a combtod traae Glasgpw having had a Btrike ^ ^ in which nitum 0 * did pot benn «> e day after . inibV 1852 . —Have . yoii known , from your own vg ^ ledge , that thatiathb courad which the operfto have follow ^ mgeneral ^ Invariablyi Aejng ^ . r
a striKe tajces place , intimidatipn , awer ,.- ^ in gesture , or in violence , commences to & * . $ hands j and it you depnw them of we po * " ^ violence , it ia flie aame thing as depriving-. » ^ of ammunition , the whole thong falls to the groo ^ 186 ^ :-DonoV they use pecuiuaryme ^ n s a ^ jf carry their purposes ? ---They use pec « " « W ™*? $ fi variousdeairiptioM : theySo not atattinthe P instance proceecl to extreme wsts of ^ f ^ Ucel do not wish to violate the taw in 4 ? * " * " £$ but they think they are entitled either to *** £ & persons who interfere with their labour ,, org J Smidate all witnessea who » PP " , «^! i fe «" from the very outset they attempt to wheed ** cajole , to bribe away pewbn » that come to taW »»» P l 1854 ! -Tbehv that f ^ g theypr <^» ^^ violence?— Yes . '¦ ¦¦ ¦¦ ' : ¦ ¦¦ : \ . ¦ ¦ " ¦' ¦¦' - ' . -: - y
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f * THE XOTrtmm mm- . September 8 , 1838 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 8, 1838, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1022/page/2/
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